{"id":2428,"date":"2020-07-20T17:57:11","date_gmt":"2020-07-20T09:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/?page_id=2428"},"modified":"2025-03-27T18:30:11","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:30:11","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wmquach\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Wai-Meng QUACH Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2428\" class=\"elementor elementor-2428\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0336cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0336cf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-13f08fd\" data-id=\"13f08fd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a9c662 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a9c662\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"><tbody><tr><td valign=\"top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/image\/staff-photo\/fstwmq.jpg\" \/><\/td><td valign=\"BOTTOM\">Wai-Meng QUACH,\u00a0\u90ed\u5049\u660e\u00a0(Stephen)<br \/>Associate Professor\u00a0 (<span style=\"color: #0000ff\">wmquach@um.edu.mo<\/span>)<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=PMt3lKwAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google scholar<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4311-8979\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ORCiD: 0000-0002-4311-8979<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/authid\/detail.uri?authorId=6505651725\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AuthorID: 6505651725<\/a>\u00a0;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.webofscience.com\/wos\/author\/record\/AAS-9969-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ResearcherID: AAS-9969-2020<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.um.edu.mo\/profile\/wmquach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/repository.um.edu.mo\/profile\/wmquach<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/people\/wmquach\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/people\/wmquach\/<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.impactio.com\/researcher\/wmquach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.impactio.com\/researcher\/wmquach<\/a><br \/><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><u><a style=\"color: #ff0000\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wmquach\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bio<\/a><\/u><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif\">\u00a0 |\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wmquach\/profile\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>Profile<\/u><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif\">\u00a0 |\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><u><a style=\"color: #ff0000\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wmquach\/research\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Research<\/a><\/u><\/span> \u00a0<span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif\">|<\/span> \u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wmquach\/phd-opp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>PhD-PostDoc Opportunities<\/u><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h5><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">R<\/span>esearch for <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">C<\/span>uriosity <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">!<\/span><\/h5><h5>Research Interests<\/h5><h5><span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-weight: 400;font-size: 18px\">Steel structures; Cold-formed steel; Additive manufacturing for construction; High performance structural materials; Composite structures; Strengthening and Repair Structural repair<\/span><\/h5><hr \/><h5>Research Themes<\/h5><h5><b style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 18px\">The Role of Manufacturing Processes (Cold-forming, Hot-finishing, 3D Printing) on the Mechanical and Structural Performances\u00a0<\/b><b style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 18px\">of Metal Structures<\/b><\/h5><p style=\"background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-attachment: initial\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbc45a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"fbc45a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-2428 gallery-columns-5 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"fbc45a6\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Cold-forming (taken by Quach)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjk3MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL0MtRm9ybWluZy1SSFMtc2NhbGVkLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImZiYzQ1YTYifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/C-Forming-RHS-scaled.jpg'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/C-Forming-RHS-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2972\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/C-Forming-RHS-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/C-Forming-RHS-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/C-Forming-RHS-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/C-Forming-RHS-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/C-Forming-RHS-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/C-Forming-RHS-1568x1176.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2972'>\n\t\t\t\tCold-forming (taken by Quach)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"fbc45a6\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Hot-finishing (taken by Quach)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjk3MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL0hvdC1GaW5pc2guanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZmJjNDVhNiJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Hot-Finish.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Hot-Finish-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2973\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Hot-Finish-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Hot-Finish.jpg 422w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2973'>\n\t\t\t\tHot-finishing (taken by Quach)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"fbc45a6\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Local buckling of a C-channel (Quach, UM)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjk3NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL0MtTG9jYWxCLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImZiYzQ1YTYifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/C-LocalB.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"145\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/C-LocalB-145x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2974\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/C-LocalB-145x300.jpg 145w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/C-LocalB.jpg 429w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 145px) 100vw, 145px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2974'>\n\t\t\t\tLocal buckling of a C-channel (Quach, UM)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"fbc45a6\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Corner coupon test (Quach &amp; Qiu 2014)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjk3OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL0NvckNvdXBvblRlc3QuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZmJjNDVhNiJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CorCouponTest.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"227\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CorCouponTest-227x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CorCouponTest-227x300.jpg 227w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CorCouponTest.jpg 259w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2978'>\n\t\t\t\tCorner coupon test (Quach &amp; Qiu 2014)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"fbc45a6\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Necking of a corner coupon (Quach &amp; Qiu 2014)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjk3OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL0NvckNvdXBvbkZhaWx1cmUuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZmJjNDVhNiJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CorCouponFailure.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"191\" height=\"255\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CorCouponFailure.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-2979\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-2979'>\n\t\t\t\tNecking of a corner coupon (Quach &amp; Qiu 2014)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2514094 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2514094\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>\u00a0<b style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 18px\"><u><span lang=\"EN\"><i>1.\u00a0 Cold-formed metal structures<\/i><\/span><\/u><\/b><\/h5><p style=\"background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-attachment: initial\"><i><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"color: #0070c0\">No longer a Dream for predicting geometric imperfection, residual stresses and strength enhancement in cold-formed steel structures realistically !\u00a0 A deterministic approach with advanced numerical modeling of manufacturing processes is now a solution.<\/span><\/i><\/p><p style=\"background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-attachment: initial\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">Million tons of cold-formed\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">metal building products are used in construction industry around the world each\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">year. This trend is kept increasing due to their construction efficiency in\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">Modular integrated Construction (MiC). The structural performance of cold-formed\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">thin-walled metal structures is known to be sensitive to initial imperfections\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">which include both geometrical imperfection and cold work due to forming.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">Traditionally, this cold work effect has been taken into account by using\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">separate specifications of mechanical properties for the flat portions and the\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">corner regions in conjunction with idealized residual stresses models which are\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">based on inappropriate assumptions disregarding the effect of the manufacturing\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">process. Indeed, various cold-formed sections are fabricated by different\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">manufacturing processes (Figs. 1 &amp; 2). Hence, a research has been being\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">carried out to seek for the solution to overcome this shortcoming.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-attachment: initial\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Dr. Quach\u2019s research has been focused on the development of various scientific tools (i.e. analytical models, empirical models, and hybrid analytical-finite element approaches) to accurately model manufacturing processes and quantify initial imperfections\u00a0 and the cold work effect\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">(i.e., residual stresses and plastic strains) and in various types of cold-formed members (e.g. channels and hollow sections). The main contribution from this research is to correct the major deficiencies in existing knowledge and existing design approaches by using these proposed tools. The findings confirm the effect of the manufacturing process on the mechanical and structural performance of cold-formed metal members.\u00a0 The proposed methods\/tools can be used to predict geometric imperfections, residual stresses and strength enhancement in\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">cold-formed metal structures realistically.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-attachment: initial\"><span style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt;font-size: 11pt\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0An integration of these proposed scientific tools forms a novel and unified approach for the analysis and design of cold-formed thin-walled structures. This new approach can be used\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt;font-size: 11pt\">for optimizing the forming parameters of cold-formed steel sections and will\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt;font-size: 11pt\">greatly reduce the need for laboratory testing in the development of design\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt;font-size: 11pt\">rules.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt;font-size: 11pt\">This research is being developed at three main directions:<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;margin: 0cm 36.85pt .0001pt 0cm\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt\">(a) Stress-strain models of thin sheet metals; <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;margin: 0cm 36.85pt .0001pt 0cm\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt\">(b) Simulations and predictions for enhanced strengths of cold-worked materials; <\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;margin: 0cm 36.85pt 6.0pt 0cm\"><span style=\"font-size: 11.0pt\">(c) Simulations and predictions for initial imperfections (including geometrical imperfections, residual stresses, plastic strains) in cold-formed members and their effect on structural performance (Figs. 3~9).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eaa434b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"eaa434b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-2428 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"eaa434b\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig 1.  Manufacturing process of roll-formed tubes - (a) Rolling\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ1NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL2YxYS5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlYWE0MzRiIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f1a.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"54\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f1a-300x54.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-2455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f1a-300x54.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f1a.png 680w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-2455'>\n\t\t\t\tFig 1.  Manufacturing process of roll-formed tubes &#8211; (a) Rolling\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"eaa434b\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig 1.  Manufacturing process of roll-formed tubes - (b) Shaping\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ1NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL2YxYi5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJlYWE0MzRiIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f1b.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"75\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f1b-300x75.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-2456\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f1b-300x75.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f1b.png 521w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-2456'>\n\t\t\t\tFig 1.  Manufacturing process of roll-formed tubes &#8211; (b) Shaping\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"eaa434b\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig 2.  Manufacturing process of press-braked sections\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ1NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL2YyLmdpZiIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImVhYTQzNGIifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f2.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"102\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f2-300x102.gif\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-2457\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-2457'>\n\t\t\t\tFig 2.  Manufacturing process of press-braked sections\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8598850 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"8598850\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-2428 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"8598850\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig 3.  FE-based method: Numerical tube forming of an EHS tube\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ0NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL2YxLnBuZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6Ijg1OTg4NTAifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f1.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"190\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f1-300x190.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-2446\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f1-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f1.png 609w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-2446'>\n\t\t\t\tFig 3.  FE-based method: Numerical tube forming of an EHS tube\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"8598850\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig 4.  Advanced FE approach: Numerical stub column test of an EHS\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ1OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL2Y0LnBuZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6Ijg1OTg4NTAifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f4.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"294\" height=\"196\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f4.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-2459\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-2459'>\n\t\t\t\tFig 4.  Advanced FE approach: Numerical stub column test of an EHS\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"8598850\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig 5.  FE-based method: Numerical press braking\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ2MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL2Y1LnBuZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6Ijg1OTg4NTAifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f5.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f5-300x202.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-2460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f5-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f5.png 736w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-2460'>\n\t\t\t\tFig 5.  FE-based method: Numerical press braking\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"8598850\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig 6.  Advanced FE approach: Nonlinear buckling of a C-channel\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ2MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL2Y2LnBuZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6Ijg1OTg4NTAifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f6.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f6-300x209.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-2461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f6-300x209.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f6.png 702w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-2461'>\n\t\t\t\tFig 6.  Advanced FE approach: Nonlinear buckling of a C-channel\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfc33da elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"bfc33da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-4' class='gallery galleryid-2428 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"bfc33da\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig 7. Advanced FE approach: A RHS under combined loads\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjk3MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL2Y3Yi1lMTU5NjEzNzE3MzU3Mi5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJiZmMzM2RhIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f7b-e1596137173572.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f7b-e1596137173572-300x186.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-2970\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f7b-e1596137173572-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f7b-e1596137173572.png 674w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-2970'>\n\t\t\t\tFig 7. Advanced FE approach: A RHS under combined loads\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"bfc33da\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig 8.  Numerically predicted local imperfections in an EHS\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ2MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL2Y3LnBuZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImJmYzMzZGEifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f7.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"211\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f7-300x211.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-2462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f7-300x211.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f7.png 549w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-2462'>\n\t\t\t\tFig 8.  Numerically predicted local imperfections in an EHS\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"bfc33da\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig 9.  FE predicted stub-column behavior of an EHS\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ2MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL2Y4LnBuZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImJmYzMzZGEifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f8.png'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f8-300x224.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-2463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f8-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f8.png 511w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-2463'>\n\t\t\t\tFig 9.  FE predicted stub-column behavior of an EHS\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-209d1ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"209d1ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-attachment: initial\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\"><u><span lang=\"EN\"><i>2.&nbsp; Metal 3D printing in Construction<\/i><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-attachment: initial\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt;text-align: justify;text-indent: 28.9pt\">Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is an evolutional technology which has already been embraced by different industries, such as manufacturing, aerospace and biomedical engineering. Despite the exciting prospect of its application in civil engineering, additive manufacturing technology is still at a perceived stage for construction industry. The benefits and potential in construction industry are rarely known in the field at this stage. This multi-disciplinary research is under collaboration between <a href=\"https:\/\/www.um.edu.mo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Macau (UM)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sustech.edu.cn\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)<\/a>. It aims to investigate the mechanical properties and structural performance of additively manufactured metal tubular sections (see Figs. 10 and 11). So far, high strength steel tubular stub columns additively manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) with different scanning patterns, have been tested. The anisotropy on mechanical properties has been examined through tensile coupon tests in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The influences of scanning patterns on mechanical properties and structural behavior of as-printed high strength steel tubular sections stub columns were also investigated. The test results have been used to assess the applicability of existing design provisions that originally developed for conventionally produced hot-rolled and cold-formed steel tubular sections to the additively manufactured high strength steel tubular sections.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab094ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"ab094ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-5' class='gallery galleryid-2428 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ab094ee\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig 10.  3D printing of metals (SUSTech &amp; UM)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ2NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL2Y5LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImFiMDk0ZWUifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f9.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f9-246x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-5-2464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f9-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f9.jpg 487w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-5-2464'>\n\t\t\t\tFig 10.  3D printing of metals (SUSTech &amp; UM)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ab094ee\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Fig 11.  3D printed stainless steel tube (SUSTech &amp; UM)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ2NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5mc3QudW0uZWR1Lm1vXC9wZXJzb25hbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMDdcL2YxMC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJhYjA5NGVlIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f10.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f10-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-5-2465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f10-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f10.jpg 612w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-5-2465'>\n\t\t\t\tFig 11.  3D printed stainless steel tube (SUSTech &amp; UM)\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09e7934 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"09e7934\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.02em;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 18px\">Structural Repair under Marine Environments\u00a0<\/span><\/h5><div><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.02em;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 18px\">\u00a0To be updated.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9846fd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9846fd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.02em\">Collaborators\u00a0<\/span><\/h5><ul><li>Dr. Miguel ABAMBRES (IST, Lisbon)<\/li><li>Dr. Yan-Cheng CAI (Former PostDoc of UM; now Assistant Professor at HKPolyU)<\/li><li>Dr. Man-Tai CHEN (Former PostDoc of UM; now Assistant Professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University)<\/li><li>Professor Jian-Fei\u00a0CHEN (SUSTech)<\/li><li>Professor Kwok-Fai\u00a0CHUNG (HKPolyU)<\/li><li>Professor Ran FENG (HIT)<\/li><li>Professor Hieng-Ho LAU (Swinburne University of Technology, Malaysia)<\/li><li>Professor Jin-Guang\u00a0TENG (HKPolyU)\u00a0<\/li><li>Dr. Chui-Huon Tina TING (Curtin University, Malaysia)<\/li><li>Professor Ming YAN (SUSTech)\u00a0<\/li><li>Dr. Ye YAO (PhD graduate; now Lecturer at Northeastern University, China)<\/li><li>Professor Ben YOUNG (HKPolyU)<\/li><li>Professor Jun-Jie ZENG (<span style=\"font-size: 13.5pt;line-height: 107%;font-family: Arial, sans-serif\">Guangdong University of Technology<\/span>)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14a68e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14a68e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.02em\">Projects and Grants<\/span><\/h5><ul><li><strong><u>Quach<\/u><\/strong>, W.M. (PI), Yan, M. (Co-PI), Feng, R. (Co-PI), 3D Printing of High-Performance Metal Structural Members for Intelligent Construction (3D\u6253\u5370\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u91d1\u5c6c\u7d50\u69cb\u69cb\u4ef6\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u5efa\u9020\u4e2d\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7814\u7a76), FDCT-MOST project proposal, submitted to the Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia (FDCT) of the Macao S.A.R., 2021 \u2013 2023 (36 months). [MOP 2.5M; Under Review]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (PI), \u201cMacau Youth Scholar Program \u6fb3\u9580\u9752\u5e74\u5b78\u8005\u8a08\u5283\u201d funded by &#8220;The Association for Promotion of Science and Technology of Macau \u6fb3\u9580\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u5354\u9032\u6703 (MAPST)&#8221; and &#8220;The Office of China National Postdoctoral Council \u570b\u5bb6\u4eba\u529b\u8cc7\u6e90\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4fdd\u969c\u90e8\u5168\u570b\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7ba1\u59d4\u6703\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4 (CNPC)&#8221; [mutually funded by UM Macao Talent Program (UMMTP)], 04\/01\/2021 \u2013 03\/01\/2023. [RMB 300K; AM2020002]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (PI), \u201cMacau Youth Scholar Program \u6fb3\u9580\u9752\u5e74\u5b78\u8005\u8a08\u5283\u201d supported by UM Macao Talent Program (UMMTP) [mutually funded by MAPST (\u6fb3\u9580\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u5354\u9032\u6703 ) and CNPC (\u570b\u5bb6\u4eba\u529b\u8cc7\u6e90\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4fdd\u969c\u90e8\u5168\u570b\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7ba1\u59d4\u6703\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4)], 04\/01\/2021 \u2013 03\/01\/2023. [MOP 360K; UMMTP2020-MYSP-003]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (PI), Structural Repair of Reinforced Concrete Members with FRP and UHPC under Marine Environments (FRP\u3001UHPC\u52a0\u56fa\u6c34\u4e0b\u6881\u67f1) &#8211; A sub-project, under Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 01\/09\/2019 \u2013 30\/08\/2022. [RMB 500K]<\/li><li>Chen J.F. (PI), Teng J.G. (PI), \u2026, <strong>Quach<\/strong> W.M. (Co-PI), et al., \u5357\u65b9\u6d77\u6d0b\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff08\u5e7f\u5dde\uff09, \u91cd\u5927\u4e13\u9879\u4e94-\u9879\u76ee3\u201c\u6d77\u6d0b\u5de5\u7a0b\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u53ca\u65b0\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u201d, 01\/09\/2019 \u2013 30\/08\/2022. [RMB 26M]<\/li><li>Lau, H.H. (PI), Muhammad, E.R. (Co-I), Ting, C.H.(Co-I), <strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M.(Co-I), A mathematical model for high strength cold-formed steel screwed connection under cyclic loading, funded by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) of the Ministry of Education, Malaysia, 01\/01\/2019 \u2013 31\/03\/2022. [MYR 109K]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (PI), Structural performance of self-drilling screwed connections under cyclic loading for cold-formed high strength steel structures, funded by the Research Committee of University of Macau, 01\/01\/2019 \u2013 31\/12\/2021. [MOP 513.8K; MYRG2018-00099-FST]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (PI) and Lau, H.H. (Co-I), Structural performance and design of self-drilling screwed connections in high strength steel thin-walled structures, funded by the Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia (FDCT) of the Macao S.A.R., 31\/03\/2016 \u2013 30\/03\/2019. [MOP 725K; FDCT\/073\/2015\/A2]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (PI), Design of cold-formed and hot-finished columns with elliptical hollow sections, funded by the Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia (FDCT) of the Macao S.A.R., 18\/06\/2015 \u2013 17\/06\/2018. [MOP 1.25M; FDCT\/129\/2014\/A3]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (PI), One-time special Fund for PhD Student Support, funded by the University of Macau, 01\/01\/2015 \u201331\/12\/2017. [MOP 360K]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (PI), The Cold-Work Effect on the Column Behaviour of Cold-Formed Steel Oval Hollow Sections, funded by the Research Committee of University of Macau, 01\/05\/2013 \u2013 31\/04\/2016. [MOP 566.5K; MYRG073(Y1-L2)-FST13-QWM]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (PI), Residual Stresses in Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Rectangular Hollow Sections due to Cold Bending, funded by the Research Committee of University of Macau, 01\/09\/2010 \u2013 28\/02\/2013. [MOP 630.5K; RG061\/09-10S\/QWM\/FST]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (PI), Compression Strength of Cold-Formed Steel Channel Sections with the Strength Enhancement in Corners, funded by the Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia (FDCT) of the Macao S.A.R., 01\/09\/2007 \u2013 01\/09\/2010. [MOP 759.5K; FDCT\/011\/2007\/A1]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (PI), Compression Strength of Cold-Formed Steel Channel Sections with the Strength Enhancement in Corners, funded by Research Committee of University of Macau, 01\/09\/2007 \u2013 01\/09\/2010. [MOP 292.4K; RG051\/06-07S\/QWM\/FST]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (PI), Initial Material Imperfection in Cold-Formed Circular Hollow Sections, funded by the Research Committee of University of Macau, 01\/06\/2006 \u2013 31\/12\/2008. [MOP 350K; RG070\/05-06S\/QWM\/FST]<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac180f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac180f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.02em\">Selected Publications<\/span><\/h5><p>Journal Papers (<span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">*Corresponding author;\u00a0 ^ UM student or UM Post-Doc.<\/span>)<\/p><ol><li>Liao, J.J., Zeng*^, J.J., Gong, Q.M., <strong><u>Quach<\/u><\/strong>*, W.M., Gao, W.Y., and Zhang, L.H. (2022), Design-oriented stress-strain model for FRP-confined ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), <em>Construction and Building Materials<\/em>, 318, 126200. [Q1 in Civil Eng.]<\/li><li>Zeng*^, J.J., Ye, Y.Y., <strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M., Lin, G., \u00a0Zhuge, Y., and Zhou, J.K. (2022), Compressive and transverse shear behaviour of novel FRP-UHPC hybrid bars, <em>Composite Structures<\/em>, 281, 115001. [Q1 in Materials Science, Composites]<\/li><li>Liao, J.J., Yang, K.Y., Zeng*^, J.J., <strong>Quach<\/strong>*, W.M., Ye, Y.Y., and Zhang, L.H. (2021), Compressive behavior of FRP-confined ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in circular columns, <em>Engineering<\/em><em>\u00a0Structures<\/em>, 249, 113246. [Q1 in Civil Eng.]<\/li><li>Ye, Y.Y., Smith, S.T., Zeng*^, J.J., Zhuge, Y., and <strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (2021), Novel ultra-high-performance concrete composite plates reinforced with FRP grid: Development and mechanical behaviour, <em>Composite Structures<\/em>, 269, 114033. [Q1 in Materials Science, Composites]<\/li><li>Fernando, D., Teng*, J.G., <strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M., and De Waal, L. (2020), Full-range stress-strain model for stainless steel alloys,\u00a0<em>Journal of Constructional Steel Research<\/em>, 173, 106266. [Q1 in Civil Eng.; Q1 in Construction &amp; Building Technology]<\/li><li>Yao^, Y., <strong>Quach<\/strong>*, W.M., and Young, B. (2020), Simplified models for residual stresses and equivalent plastic strains in cold-formed steel elliptical hollow sections, <i>Thin-Walled Structures<\/i>, 154, 106835. [Q1 in Civil Eng.]<\/li><li>Yan^, J.J., Song, H., Dong, Y.P., <strong>Quach<\/strong>*, W.M. , and Yan*, M. (2020), High strength (~2000 MPa) or highly ductile (~11%) additively manufactured H13 by tempering at different conditions, <i>Materials Science and Engineering A<\/i>, 773, 138845. [Q1 in Materials Science &#8211; Multidisciplinary; Q1 in Metallurgy &amp; Metallurgical Eng.]<\/li><li>Yao^, Y., <strong>Quach<\/strong>*, W.M., and Young, B. (2019), Cross-section behavior of cold-formed steel elliptical hollow sections \u2013 a numerical study, <em>Engineering Structures<\/em>, 201, 109797. [Q1 in Civil Eng.]<\/li><li>Cai, Y., <strong>Quach<\/strong>*, W.M., and Young, B. (2019), Experimental and numerical investigation of concrete-filled hot-finished and cold-formed steel elliptical tubular stub columns, <em>Thin-Walled Structures<\/em>, 145, 106437. [Q1 in Civil Eng.]<\/li><li>Yao^, Y., <strong>Quach<\/strong>*, W.M., and Young, B. (2019), Finite element-based method for residual stresses in cold-formed steel hollow sections, <em>Engineering Structures<\/em>, 188, 24-42. [Q1 in Civil Eng.]<\/li><li>Yan^, J.J., Chen*^, M.T., <strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M., Yan, M., and Young, B. (2019), Mechanical properties and cross-sectional behavior of additive manufactured high strength steel tubular sections, <em>Thin-Walled Structures<\/em>, 144, 106158. [Q1 in Civil Eng.]<\/li><li>Cai, Y., <strong>Quach<\/strong>*, W.M., Chen, M.T., and Young, B. (2019), Behavior and design of cold-formed and hot-finished steel elliptical tubular stub columns, <em>Journal of Constructional Steel Research<\/em>, 156, 252-265. [Q1 in Civil Eng.; Q1 in Construction &amp; Building Technology]<\/li><li>Yan^, J.J., Zhou, Y.H., Gu, R.N., Zhang, X.M., <strong>Quach<\/strong>*, W.M. , and Yan*, M. (2019), A comprehensive study of steel powders (316L, H13, P20 and 18Ni300) for their selective laser melting additive manufacturing, <em>Metals<\/em>, 9(86), 1-20. [Q1 in Metallurgy &amp; Metallurgical Eng.]<\/li><li>Abambres*, M., and <strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M. (2016), Residual Stresses in Steel Members: A Review of Available Analytical Expressions, <em>International Journal of Structural Integrity<\/em>, 7(1), 70-94. [Q3 in Civil &amp; Structural Eng.; Q3 in Mechanical Eng., according to SJR]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M., and Young*, B. (2015), Material properties of cold-formed and hot-finished elliptical hollow sections, <em>Advances in Structural Engineering,<\/em> 18(7), 1101-1114. [Q2 in Civil &amp; Structural Eng.; Q2 in Building &amp; Construction, according to SJR]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>*, W.M., and Huang^, J.F. (2014), Two-stage stress-strain models for light-gauge steels<em>, <\/em><em>Advances in Structural Engineering,<\/em> 17(7), 937-949. [Q2 in Civil &amp; Structural Eng.; Q2 in Building &amp; Construction, according to SJR]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>*, W.M., and Qiu^, P. (2014), Strength and ductility of corner materials in cold-formed stainless steel sections, <em>Thin-Walled Structures, <\/em>83, 28-42. [Q1 in Civil Eng.]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M., Teng*, J.G., and Chung, K.F. (2010), Effect of the manufacturing process on the behaviour of press-braked thin-walled steel columns, <em>Engineering Structures,<\/em> 32, 3501-3515. [Q1 in Civil Eng.]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M., Teng*, J.G., and Chung, K.F. (2009), Residual stresses in press-braked stainless steel sections &#8211; I: Coiling and uncoiling of sheets, <em>Journal of Constructional Steel Research, <\/em>65, 1803-1815. [Q1 in Civil Eng.; Q1 in Construction &amp; Building Technology]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M., Teng*, J.G., and Chung, K.F. (2009), Residual stresses in press-braked stainless steel sections &#8211; II: Press braking operations,<em> Journal of Constructional Steel Research, <\/em>65, 1816-1826. [Q1 in Civil Eng.; Q1 in Construction &amp; Building Technology]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>*, W.M., and Qiu^, P. (2009), Accurate prediction of mechanical properties for cold-formed stainless steel section, <em>Journal of Yantai University, Natural Science and Engineering Edition, <\/em>22(3), 217-228.<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M., Teng*, J.G., and Chung, K.F. (2008), Three-stage full-range stress-strain model for stainless steels, <em>Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE<\/em>, 134(9), 1518-1527. [Q1 in Civil &amp; Structural Eng.; Q1 in Building &amp; Construction, according to SJR]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>*, W.M., Teng, J.G., and Chung, K.F. (2007), Finite element predictions of residual stresses in cold-formed steel sections, <em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Progress in Steel Building Structures<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">, 9(3), <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">26-32<\/span>.<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M., Teng*, J.G., and Chung, K.F. (2006), Finite element predictions of residual stresses in press-braked thin walled steel sections, <em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Engineering Structures<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">, 28, <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">1609-1619<\/span>. [Q1 in Civil Eng.]<\/li><li><strong>Quach<\/strong>, W.M., Teng*, J.G., and Chung, K.F. (2004), <span lang=\"EN-GB\">Residual stresses in steel sheets due to coiling and uncoiling: a closed form analytical solution<\/span>, <em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Engineering Structures<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">, <\/span>26, 1249-1259. [Q1 in Civil Eng.]<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wai-Meng QUACH,\u00a0\u90ed\u5049\u660e\u00a0(Stephen)Associate Professor\u00a0 (wmquach@um.edu.mo)Google scholar\u00a0;\u00a0ORCiD: 0000-0002-4311-8979AuthorID: 6505651725\u00a0;\u00a0ResearcherID: AAS-9969-2020https:\/\/repository.um.edu.mo\/profile\/wmquachhttps:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/people\/wmquach\/https:\/\/www.impactio.com\/researcher\/wmquachBio\u00a0 |\u00a0\u00a0Profile\u00a0 |\u00a0\u00a0Research \u00a0| \u00a0PhD-PostDoc Opportunities\u00a0 Research for Curiosity ! Research Interests Steel structures; Cold-formed steel; Additive manufacturing for construction; High performance structural materials; Composite structures; Strengthening and Repair Structural repair Research Themes The Role of Manufacturing Processes (Cold-forming, Hot-finishing, 3D Printing) on the Mechanical and Structural Performances\u00a0of &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wmquach\/research\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Wai-Meng QUACH Research&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"parent":2299,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-2428","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2428"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50268,"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2428\/revisions\/50268"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}