{"id":285,"date":"2020-05-27T21:45:42","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T13:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/?page_id=285"},"modified":"2026-05-11T22:52:27","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T14:52:27","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/hczhang\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Hongcai Zhang Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"285\" class=\"elementor elementor-285\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d379e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d379e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3799715\" data-id=\"3799715\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-864dd53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"864dd53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.um.edu.mo\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"188\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/UM-Logo_H-White-1-1024x301.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-893\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/UM-Logo_H-White-1-1024x301.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/UM-Logo_H-White-1-300x88.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/UM-Logo_H-White-1-768x226.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/UM-Logo_H-White-1-1536x452.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/UM-Logo_H-White-1-2048x602.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/UM-Logo_H-White-1-1200x353.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/UM-Logo_H-White-1-1980x582.png 1980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd946e1\" data-id=\"bd946e1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d95362 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2d95362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/divider-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-895\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2bc57b7\" data-id=\"2bc57b7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-763344e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"763344e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"501\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/FST-Logo_H-White.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-890\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/FST-Logo_H-White.png 501w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/FST-Logo_H-White-300x72.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7af4444\" data-id=\"7af4444\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d26250 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8d26250\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/divider-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-895\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6393892\" data-id=\"6393892\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de00c06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"de00c06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/skliotsc.um.edu.mo\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"92\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/SKLIOTSC-Logo_H-White.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-891\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/SKLIOTSC-Logo_H-White.png 834w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/SKLIOTSC-Logo_H-White-300x43.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/SKLIOTSC-Logo_H-White-768x111.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f0f2eed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f0f2eed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e1c165\" data-id=\"5e1c165\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b6385c\" data-id=\"4b6385c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-661ba6e elementor-align-center elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"661ba6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/hczhang\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">HOME<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-765f76b\" data-id=\"765f76b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d396118 elementor-align-center elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d396118\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/hczhang\/biography\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">BIOGRAPHY<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1499456\" data-id=\"1499456\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-601d7f4 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"601d7f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/hczhang\/research\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">RESEARCH<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e110a9\" data-id=\"3e110a9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afe24de elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"afe24de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/hczhang\/group\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">GROUP<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5cc72e\" data-id=\"e5cc72e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f31af77 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f31af77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/hczhang\/misc\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">EVENT<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6bcf175 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6bcf175\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a4351d8\" data-id=\"a4351d8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bca43ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bca43ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research Interests<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a54b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1a54b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Our research interests span the areas of electrical engineering, transportation engineering, operations research, and computer science. Our vision is to develop cutting-edge theories and technologies to help policymakers, practitioners, and energy prosumers build efficient, low-carbon, &amp; secure urban energy systems. Particularly, we are focusing on <em>urban energy system optimization &amp; operation<\/em>, <em>nexus of smart power grid with future transportation<\/em>, and <em>grid integration of <\/em><em>distributed energy resources<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ef0c201 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ef0c201\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b8b4f55\" data-id=\"b8b4f55\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d82c96 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"5d82c96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=plmK9IoAAAAJ&#038;hl=en\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-google\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Google Scholar<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.webofscience.com\/wos\/author\/record\/855062\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-wordpress-simple\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Web of Science<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/authid\/detail.uri?authorId=57187904200\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-link\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Scopus<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Hongcai_Zhang3\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-researchgate\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Research Gate<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aee480 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aee480\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7047e58\" data-id=\"7047e58\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da6e2de elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"da6e2de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research Projects<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ffd64c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ffd64c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">Government projects<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0731015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0731015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Hongcai Zhang (PI), &#8220;Data-driven accomodation capacity evaluation of distributed flexible energy resources in distribution power grids<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">,&#8221; Macau Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) and Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province Joint Funding Program<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">, MOP 1,034,000, 2025-2027. (In collaboration with Guangdong Power Grid Electric Power Research Institute)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Hongcai Zhang (PI), &#8220;Multi-energy system coordination and carbon management in low-carbon park,&#8221; Macau Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) and Ministry of Science and Technology <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">of China Joint Funding Program, MOP 1,864,000, 2022-2025. (In collaboration with Guizhou Power Grid Electric Power Research Institute)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Hongcai Zhang (PI), &#8220;Key technologies and applications of network-load-storage interaction of virtual power station in smart city,&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Macau Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) and Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province Joint Funding Program<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">, MOP 1,100,000, 2022-2024. (In collaboration with China Southern Power Grid Electric Power Research Institute)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Yonghua Song (PI), Ningyi Dai (sub-task PI), Hongcai Zhang (sub-task PI), and Keng Weng Lao (sub-task PI), &#8220;Intelligent Coordinated Operation, Protection and Application on Integrated Energy IoT,&#8221; Macau Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT), MOP 7,670,000, 2021-2024.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Hongcai Zhang (PI), &#8220;Strategic operation of shared-use autonomous electric fleet considering synergy of power and transportation systems,&#8221; Natural Science Foundation of China, RMB 240,000, 2021-2023.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Hongcai Zhang (PI), &#8220;Strategic operation and optimization of integrated energy systems in smart city,&#8221; Macau Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT), MOP 1,165,000, 2020-2023.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Hongcai Zhang (PI), &#8220;Strategic operation and optimization of autonomous electric fleet,&#8221; Guangdong Natural Science Foundation, RMB 100,000, 2020-2021.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11b834 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c11b834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">UM internal projects<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e686402 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e686402\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Hongcai Zhang (PI), &#8220;Enhancing Urban Power Grid Resilience with Autonomous Electric Fleets: Simulation, Operation Strategy, and Techno-Economic Analysis<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">,&#8221; University of Macau Multi-year Research Grant &#8211; International Collaborative Research Grant<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">, MOP 631,600, 2026-2027. (In collaboration with Prof. Scott Moura from the University of California, Berkeley, and Prof. Yan Xu from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Hongcai Zhang (PI), &#8220;Strategical operation of integrated energy systems in smart city based on Internet of Things<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">,&#8221; University of Macau Multi-year Research Grant<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">, MOP 125,000, 2022-2023.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56bd53e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56bd53e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">Industrial projects<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d21db13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d21db13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">PI, &#8220;Non-parametric modeling and safe artificial intelligence technology for urban energy system operation and control,&#8221; Guangdong Power Grid, 2023-2026.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">PI, &#8220;Research on forecasting and coordinated operation technology of multi-energy systems in low-carbon parks,&#8221; China Southern Power Grid Electric Power Research Institute, 2023-2024.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">PI, &#8220;Operation strategy of district cooling system with ice storage systems,&#8221; State Power Investment Corporation &#8212; Zhuhai Hengqin Energy Development Corporation, 2022.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Co-PI, &#8220;Macao EV and charging infrastructure development plan,&#8221; Companhia de Electricidade de Macau (CEM), 2021.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a4c8593 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a4c8593\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62670be\" data-id=\"62670be\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbbc303 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dbbc303\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PhD thesis<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-313b911 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"313b911\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Zhenyi Wang, &#8220;Towards Intelligent Demand Response in Smart Power Grids: A Data Availability and Model Generalization Perspective<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">,&#8221; University of Macau, 2025.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Zuntao Hu, &#8220;Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Solving Optimal Power Flow Problems<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">,&#8221; University of Macau, 2025.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Bin Zou (co-advise), &#8220;Risk-aware Operation Strategies of Geo-distributed Data Centers in Power Markets<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">,&#8221; University of Macau, 2025.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Yanqi Liu, &#8220;Resilience Enhancement and Optimal Operation of Power Systems with Offshore Wind Integration under Typhoon Conditions<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">,&#8221; University of Macau, 2024.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Lingming Kong (co-advise), &#8220;Strategic Operation of Commercial Electric Vehicles in Power-Transportation Coupled Networks to Enhance Power System Resilience<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">,&#8221; University of Macau, 2024.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Hongyi Li, &#8220;Blockchain-Assisted Distributed Coordination of Heterogeneous Demand-Side Flexible Resources,&#8221; University of Macau, 2024.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Peipei Yu (co-advise), &#8220;District Cooling System Control for Providing Power Grid Services Based on Safe Reinforcement Learning,&#8221; University of Macau, 2024.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Ge Chen (co-advise), &#8220;Data-driven Operation of Active Distribution Networks with Incomplete Network Information,&#8221; University of Macau, 2023.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Jiatu Hong (co-advise), &#8220;Distributed Control of Large-scale Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Improving the Flexibility of Urban Power Systems,&#8221; University of Macau, 2023.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Hongcai Zhang, &#8220;Planning and Operation of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Considering Transportation Network Constraints,&#8221; Tsinghua University, 2018.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e55620 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e55620\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b33791f\" data-id=\"b33791f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab5a304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ab5a304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Book<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-138f901 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"138f901\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, Y. Song, G. Chen, and P. Yu, Reliable Non-Parametric Techniques for Energy System Operation and Control: Fundamentals and Applications of Constraint Learning and Safe Reinforcement Learning Methods<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">, Elsevier, July 2025. DOI: <a class=\"anchor anchor-primary anchor-has-inherit-color\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/C2024-0-02424-1\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\"><span class=\"anchor-text\">10.1016\/C2024-0-02424-1<\/span><\/span><\/a>. (Download preprint <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ReliableNon-Parametric-Techniques-for-Energy-System-Operation-and-Control.pdf\">here<\/a>)<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d2a133 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d2a133\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6df934\" data-id=\"f6df934\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08a171a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08a171a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Book Chapters<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7548e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7548e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Hu, Y. Song, and\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, &#8220;Electric vehicle and vehicle-to-grid technology,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Energy Internet<\/b>, edited by H. Sun et. al., China Science Publishing, Beijing, 2020. (in Chinese)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Hu, J. He, and\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, &#8220;Energy Internet and Plug-in Electric Vehicles,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Development of Energy Internet<\/b>, edited by R. Zeng et. al., Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, 2017. (in Chinese)<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8d4fe4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8d4fe4d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-856453d\" data-id=\"856453d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f3222e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7f3222e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Journal Papers<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3408302 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3408302\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">Preprint<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-966c34d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"966c34d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">NAN<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6d39be elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a6d39be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">In press<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7d76ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7d76ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">J. Zeng, H. Dong, and <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, \u201cA Graph Diffusion Model for Active Distribution Network Reconfiguration,\u201d to appear in <strong>Electric Power Systems Research<\/strong>, 2026. (<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Accepted for the 24th Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), June 8 \u2013 12, 2026, in Limassol, Cyprus).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">J. Zeng, D. Liu, and <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, &#8220;Coordinated Distribution Network Reconfiguration and Power Flow Optimization based on Optimal Policy Tree and Constraint Learning,&#8221; <strong>IEEE Transactions on Power Systems<\/strong>, 2026. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPWRS.2026.3661279\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/TPWRS.2026.3661279<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Hu, <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, R. Yang, Y. Chen, and H. Wu, \u201cOptimal Power Flow Based on Physical-Model-Integrated Neural Network with Worth-Learning Data Generation,\u201d <strong>CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems<\/strong>, 2025. DOI:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11006443\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.17775\/CSEEJPES.2023.09170<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight )\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">B. Zou, G. Chen, <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, and Y. 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Song, \u201cScheduling HVAC loads to promote renewable generation integration with learning-based joint chance-constrained approach<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );color: #000000\">,\u201d <strong>CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems<\/strong>, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 734-748, 2026. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/10058886\">10.17775\/CSEEJPES.2022.06580<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">L. Pan, <b>H. Zhang<\/b>, and Y. 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Liu, \u201cDistributed Event-Triggered Control of District Cooling Systems for the Frequency Regulation Service of Islanded Microgrids With Quantization Communication<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">,\u201d <strong>IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy<\/strong>, vol. 17, no.2, pp. 1173-1190, 2026. <span style=\"font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight )\">DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSTE.2025.3610706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/TSTE.2025.3610706<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Y. Liu, and <strong>H. 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Song, \u201cCoordinating Multiple Geo-distributed Data Centers for Enhanced Participation in Frequency Regulation Services Under Uncertainty<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">,\u201d <strong>Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy<\/strong>, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1677-1688, 2025. DOI<span style=\"font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight )\"><span style=\"font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );color: #000000\">: <a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10982516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.35833\/MPCE.2024.001044<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">P. 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Song, &#8220;Optimal transmission switching to eliminate voltage violations during light-load periods using decomposition approach,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy<\/b>, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 297-308, 2019. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40565-018-0422-4\">10.1007\/s40565-018-0422-4<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, Z. Hu, E. Munsing, S. J. Moura, and Y. Song, &#8220;Data-driven Chance-constrained Regulation Capacity Offering for Distributed Energy Resources,&#8221;\u00a0<b>IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid<\/b>, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 2713-2725, 2019. DOI:<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/8301597\/\">10.1109\/TSG.2018.2809046<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">H. Chen, Z. Hu, H. Luo, J. Qin, R. Rajagopal, and\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, &#8220;Design and Planning of a Multiple-charger Multiple-port Charging System for PEV Charging Station,&#8221;\u00a0<b>IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid<\/b>, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 173-183, 2019. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8000654\/\">10.1109\/TSG.2017.2735636<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">X. Chen,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, Z. Xu, C. P. Nielsen, M. B. McElroy, and J. Lv, &#8220;Impacts of Fleet Types and Charging Modes for Electric Vehicles on Emissions under Different Penetrations of Wind Power,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Nature Energy<\/b>, vol. 3, pp. 413-421, 2018. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41560-018-0133-0\">10.1038\/s41560-018-0133-0<\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000\">(equal contribution)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, S. J. Moura, Z. Hu, W. Qi, and Y. Song, &#8220;Joint PEV Charging Network and Distributed PV Generation Planning Based on Accelerated Generalized Benders Decomposition,&#8221;\u00a0<b>IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification<\/b>, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 789-803, 2018. DOI:<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/8384307\">10.1109\/TTE.2018.2847244<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">H. Chen, Z. Hu,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>\u00a0and H. Luo, &#8220;Coordinated Charging and Discharging Strategies for Plug-in Electric Bus Fast Charging Station with Energy Storage System,&#8221;\u00a0<b>IET Generation, Transmission &amp; Distribution<\/b>, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 2019-2028, 2018. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-gtd.2017.0636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1049\/iet-gtd.2017.0636<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, S. J. Moura, Z. Hu, W. Qi, and Y. Song, &#8220;A Second-Order Cone Programming Model for Planning PEV Fast-Charging Stations,&#8221;\u00a0<b>IEEE Transactions on Power Systems<\/b>, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 2763-2777, 2018. DOI:<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/8047328\">10.1109\/TPWRS.2017.2754940<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, S. J. Moura, Z. Hu, and Y. Song, &#8220;PEV Fast-Charging Station Siting and Sizing on Coupled Transportation and Power Networks,&#8221;\u00a0<b>IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid<\/b>, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2595-2605, 2018. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/7581114\/\">10.1109\/TSG.2016.2614939<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">W. Qi, B. Shen,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, and Z. M. Shen, &#8220;Sharing Demand-Side Energy Resources &#8211; A Conceptual Design,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Energy<\/b>, vol. 135, pp. 455-465, 2017. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S036054421731143X\">10.1016\/j.energy.2017.06.144<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, Z. Hu, Z. Xu, and Y. Song, &#8220;Optimal Planning of PEV Charging Station with Single Output Multiple Cables Charging Spots,&#8221;\u00a0<b>IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid<\/b>, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 2119-2128, 2017. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/7390308\">10.1109\/TSG.2016.2517026<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, Z. Hu, Z. Xu, and Y. Song, &#8220;Evaluation of Achievable Vehicle-to-Grid Capacity Using Aggregate PEV Model,&#8221;\u00a0<b>IEEE Transactions on Power Systems<\/b>, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 784-794, 2017. DOI:<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/7463483\/\">10.1109\/TPWRS.2016.2561296<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Hu, K. Zhan,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, and Y. Song, &#8220;Pricing Mechanisms Design for Guiding Electric Vehicle Charging to Fill Load Valley,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Applied Energy<\/b>, vol. 178, pp. 155-163, 2016. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0306261916308005\">10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.06.025<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, Z. Hu, Z. Xu, and Y. Song, &#8220;An Integrated Planning Framework for Different Types of PEV Charging Facilities in Urban Area,&#8221;\u00a0<b>IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid<\/b>, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 2273-2284, 2016. DOI:<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/7122347\">10.1109\/TSG.2015.2436069<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Xu, W. Su, Z. Hu, Y. Song,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, &#8220;A Hierarchical Framework for Coordinated Charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles in China,&#8221;\u00a0<b>IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid<\/b>, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 428-438, 2016. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/7017597\/\">10.1109\/TSG.2014.2387436<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">K. Zhan, Z. Hu, Y. Song, Z. Xu, L. Jia,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, &#8220;A Coordinated Charging Strategy for Electric Vehicle Three-phase Load Balance,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Automation of Electric Power Systems<\/b>, vol. 39, no. 17, pp. 201-207, 2015. DOI:<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/gb.oversea.cnki.net\/KCMS\/detail\/detail.aspx?filename=DLXT201517030&amp;dbcode=CJFD&amp;dbname=CJFDTEMP\">10.7500\/AEPS20150402012<\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000\">(in Chinese)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Y. Guo, Z. Hu,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, W. Su, K. Zhan, Z. Xu, &#8220;A Statistical Method to Evaluate the Capability of Residential Distribution Network for Accommodating Electric Vehicle Charging Load,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Power System Technology<\/b>, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 2458-246, 2015. DOI:<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/kns.cnki.net\/kcms\/detail\/detail.aspx?filename=DWJS201509014&amp;dbcode=CJFQ&amp;dbname=CJFD2015&amp;v=\">10.13335\/j.1000-3673.pst.2015.09.013<\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000\">(in Chinese)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Hu, K. Zhan, Z. Xu, D. Xiang,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, &#8220;Analysis and Outlook on the Key Problems of Electric Vehicle and Power Grid Interaction,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Electric Power Construction<\/b>, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 6-13, 2015. DOI:<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/gb.oversea.cnki.net\/KCMS\/detail\/detail.aspx?filename=DLJS201507005&amp;dbcode=CJFD&amp;dbname=CJFD2015\">10.3969\/j.issn.1000-7229.2015.07.001<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0(in Chinese)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">H. Luo, Z. Hu,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, &#8220;Effect Analysis of Ambient Temperature on Electric Vehicle Charging Load,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Electric Power Construction<\/b>, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 69-74, 2015. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/new.oversea.cnki.net\/kcms\/detail\/detail.aspx?filename=DLJS201507013&amp;dbcode=CJFQ&amp;dbname=CJFD2015&amp;v=\">10.3969\/j.issn.1000-7229.2015.07.009<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0(in Chinese)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Y. Zhang, W. Zhao, Y. Xiao, G. Lin, X. Chen, Z. Hu,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, Z. Xu, &#8220;A Hierarchical Architecture Based Simulation Platform for Coordinated Charging of Large-Scale Electric Vehicles,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Power System Technology<\/b>, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 55-62, 2015. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/new.oversea.cnki.net\/kcms\/detail\/detail.aspx?filename=DWJS201501009&amp;dbcode=CJFD&amp;dbname=CJFD2015&amp;v=\">10.13335\/j.1000-3673.pst.2015.01.009<\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000\">(in Chinese)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Xu, Z. Hu, Y. Song,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, X. Chen, &#8220;Coordinated Charging Strategy for PEV Charging Stations Based on Dynamic Time-of-use Tariffs,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Proceedings of the CSEE<\/b>, vol. 33, no. 22, pp. 3638-3646, 2014. DOI:<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/new.oversea.cnki.net\/kcms\/detail\/detail.aspx?filename=ZGDC201422009&amp;dbcode=CJFQ&amp;dbname=CJFD2014&amp;v=\">10.13334\/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2014.22.008<\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000\">(in Chinese)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, Z. Hu, Y. Song, Z. Xu, L. Jia, &#8220;A Prediction Method for Electric Vehicle Charging Load Considering Spatial and Temporal Distribution,&#8221;\u00a0<b>Automation and Electric Power Systems<\/b>, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 13-20, 2014. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aeps-info.com\/aepsen\/article\/abstract\/20130613009\">10.7500\/AEPS20130613009<\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000\">(in Chinese)<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c7cea1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c7cea1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e737171\" data-id=\"e737171\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cdd0f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6cdd0f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conference Papers<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94f5be3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94f5be3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Yang and H. Zhang, &#8220;A cost-saving hydrogen storage system considering the wind curtailments-gas price complementarity,&#8221; 2025 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Austin, TX, USA, 2025, pp. 1-5. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PESGM52009.2025.11224968\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/PESGM52009.2025.11224968<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Hu and H. Zhang, &#8220;An Efficient Transparent Neural Network Method for Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow Problem,&#8221; 2025 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS), Taipei, Taiwan, 2025, pp. 1-6. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IAS62731.2025.11061639\">10.1109\/IAS62731.2025.11061639<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">L. Pan, and <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, \u201cCompetitive Pricing of Electric Vehicle Charging in Coupled Power and Transportation Network,\u201d 2024 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific), Xi&#8217;an, China, 2024, pp. 83-88. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ITECAsia-Pacific63159.2024.10738577\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/ITECAsia-Pacific63159.2024.10738577<\/a>\u00a0(<span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Best Paper Award<\/span>)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">X. Wei, <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, and C. K. Wong, &#8220;Optimal Operation and Economic Analysis of Ice Thermal Energy Storage in District Cooling System<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">,&#8221; 2024 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), pp. 1-5, Seattle, WA, USA, July 2024. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PESGM51994.2024.10761084\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/PESGM51994.2024.10761084<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Wang, <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, B. Zhao, W. Zhao, and T. Mao, &#8220;When Pre-Training Model Meets Smart Meter Data Applications: A Preliminary Trial of General Way,&#8221; 2024 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), pp. 1-5, Seattle, WA, USA, July 2024. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PESGM51994.2024.10688647\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/PESGM51994.2024.10688647<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">L. Kong, <b>H. Zhang<\/b>, and N. Dai, &#8220;Resilience Evaluation of Power-transportation Coupled Network with Electric Vehicles\u2019 Restoration Service<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">,&#8221; 2024 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">, Chicago, IL, USA, June 2024. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ITEC60657.2024.10599080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/ITEC60657.2024.10599080<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">H. Li, H. Hui, and <b>H. Zhang<\/b>, &#8220;Consensus-based Coordination of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Frequency Regulation Service,&#8221; 7th IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Hangzhou, China, Dec 2023. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EI259745.2023.10513161\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/EI259745.2023.10513161<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">J. Zhang, L. Kong, and <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, \u201cCoordinated Ride-hailing Order Scheduling and Vehicle to Grid for Autonomous Electric Vehicles Based on Independent Proximal Policy Optimization<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">,\u201d 2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific), Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2023, pp. 1-6<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ITECAsia-Pacific59272.2023.10372331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/ITECAsia-Pacific59272.2023.10372331<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">J. Zhang, L. Kong, and <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, \u201cCoordinated Ride-hailing Order Scheduling and Charging for Autonomous Electric Vehicles Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">,\u201d 2023 IEEE\/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power System Asia (I&amp;CPS Asia)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">, Chongqing, China, 2023. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPSAsia58343.2023.10294915\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/ICPSAsia58343.2023.10294915<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">H. Li, <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, J. Zhang, and C. K. Wong, \u201c<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Frequency-Constrained Dispatching Method for an Integrated Electricity-Heat Microgrid with Synergic Primary Frequency Regulation Resources,\u201d 2023 IEEE\/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power System Asia (I&amp;CPS Asia)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">, Chongqing, China, 2023. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPSAsia58343.2023.10294867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/ICPSAsia58343.2023.10294867<\/a><br \/><\/span><\/li><li><div><span style=\"color: #000000\">T. Wu, H. Hui and <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, \u201cHardware-in-the-loop Towards Frequency Regulation Service by HVACs with Real-time Digital Simulator,\u201d 2023 8th Asia Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering (ACPEE), Tianjin, China, 2023, pp. 1052-1057. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACPEE56931.2023.10135956\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/ACPEE56931.2023.10135956<\/a>\u00a0(<span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Best Presentation Award<\/span>)<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Wang, H. Li, H. Hui and <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, \u201cA Local Energy Market for Industrial Parks Considering Carbon Emission Quota,\u201d 2023 8th Asia Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering (ACPEE), Tianjin, China, 2023, pp. 1118-1123. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACPEE56931.2023.10135954\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/ACPEE56931.2023.10135954<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Liu, D. Liu and <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, \u201cResearch on the Maximum Proportion of Renewable Energy Considering Frequency Security under Different Disturbance Events,\u201d 2023 Panda Forum on Power and Energy (PandaFPE), Chengdu, China, 2023, pp. 49-54. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PandaFPE57779.2023.10140889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/PandaFPE57779.2023.10140889<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Wang, and <b>H. Zhang<\/b>, &#8220;<\/span><\/span>Consumer Baseline Load Estimation in Demand Response: A Generative Adversarial Networks Approach,&#8221; 6th IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Chengdu, China, Oct 2022. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EI256261.2022.10116339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/EI256261.2022.10116339<\/a>\u00a0(<span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Best Paper Award<\/span>)<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">P. Yu, <b>H. Zhang<\/b>, and Y. Song, &#8220;<\/span><\/span>Smoothing Tie-line Power for Microgrids by Controlling District Cooling System based on Soft Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning,&#8221; 6th IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Chengdu, China, Oct 2022. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EI256261.2022.10117280\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/EI256261.2022.10117280<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">L. Kong, <b>H. Zhang<\/b>, and N. Dai, &#8220;Spatial-temporal Scheduling of Commercial EVs for System Restoration of a Damaged Power-transportation Coupled Network<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">,&#8221; 6th IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Chengdu, China, Oct 2022. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EI256261.2022.10117220\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/EI256261.2022.10117220<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">G. Chen, <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, and Y. Song, &#8220;Chance-constrained DC Optimal Power Flow with Non-Gaussian Distributed Uncertainties,&#8221; 2022 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 2022, pp. 1-5. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PESGM48719.2022.9916658\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/PESGM48719.2022.9916658<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Y. Liu, H. Hui, <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, and L. Gao, &#8220;Risk Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Outages Under Typhoon Conditions,&#8221; 2022 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 2022, pp. 1-5. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PESGM48719.2022.9916685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/PESGM48719.2022.9916685<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">P. Yu, H. Hui, <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, C. Huang, and Y. Song, &#8220;Frequency Regulation Capacity Offering of District Cooling System based on Reinforcement Learning,&#8221; 2022 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 2022, pp. 1-5. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PESGM48719.2022.9916851\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/PESGM48719.2022.9916851<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">H. Hui, P. Yu, <\/span><strong style=\"color: #000000\">H. Zhang<\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000\">, N. Dai, W. Jiang and Y. Song, &#8220;Regulation Capacity Evaluation of Large-scale Heterogeneous Residential Air Conditioning Loads,&#8221; the 3rd IEEE Conference on Sustainable Power and Energy (iSPEC 2021), Nanjing, China, Dec. 2021. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iSPEC53008.2021.9735739\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/iSPEC53008.2021.9735739<\/a>\u00a0(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Best Paper Award<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">B. Zou, <b>H. Zhang<\/b>, G. Chen, and\u00a0Y. Song,\u00a0&#8220;Optimal Power Scheduling of Data Centers with Deferrable Computation Requests,&#8221; the 5th IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Taiyuan, China, Oct 2021. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EI252483.2021.9713121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/EI252483.2021.9713121<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">D. Liu, <b>H. Zhang<\/b>, and Y. Song, &#8220;Robust Transmission Expansion Planning Considering Massive N-1 Contingencies with High Proportion of Renewable Energy,&#8221; the 5th IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Taiyuan, China, Oct 2021. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EI252483.2021.9713305\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/EI252483.2021.9713305<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">H. Hui, Q. Yang, N. Dai, <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, Y. Ding and Y. Song, &#8220;Anticipatory Control of Flexible Loads for System Resilience Enhancement Facing Accidental Outages,&#8221; the 2021 International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), Haikou, China, Dec. 2021. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/POWERCON53785.2021.9697825\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/POWERCON53785.2021.9697825<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">C. Huang, L. Wang, X. Luo, <b>H. Zhang<\/b>, and Y. Song, &#8220;Evolutionary computing assisted deep reinforcement learning for multi-objective integrated energy system management,&#8221; the 33rd IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI), 2021, pp. 506-511<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICTAI52525.2021.00082\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/ICTAI52525.2021.00082<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">G. Chen, <b>H. Zhang<\/b>, N. Dai, and Y. Song, &#8220;Topology-free optimal power dispatch for distribution network considering security constraints and flexible building thermal inertia,&#8221; 2021 IEEE PES General Meeting (PESGM), 2021,\u00a0pp. 1-5.<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000\">DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PESGM46819.2021.9638204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/PESGM46819.2021.9638204<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Y. Li, H. Gao, S. He, H. Li, <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, K. Lao, J. Zhang, \u201c<\/span>Multi-stage Planning Method for Distribution Network Considering Building Integrated Energy Station,\u201d in 2021 Power System and Green Energy Conference (PSGEC), Shanghai, China, August 2021, pp. 45-50. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PSGEC51302.2021.9541986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/PSGEC51302.2021.9541986<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">H. Gao, S. He, H. Li, <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, and K. W. Lao, \u201cEnergy Management for Building Integrated Energy System Considering Generalized Energy Storage,\u201d in 2021 4th International Conference on Energy, Electrical and Power Engineering (CEEPE), Chongqing, China, July 2021, pp. 886-891. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"background-color: #ffffff\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CEEPE51765.2021.9475752\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/CEEPE51765.2021.9475752<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Y. Zhao, H. Gao, H. Li, <strong>H. Zhang<\/strong>, and K. W. Lao, \u201cStackelberg Game Based Optimal Multi-energy Management for Commercial Building Operators,\u201d in 2021 4th International Conference on Energy, Electrical and Power Engineering (CEEPE), Chongqing, China, July 2021, no. 1, pp. 1200-1204. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CEEPE51765.2021.9475764\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/CEEPE51765.2021.9475764<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">G. Chen, B. Yan, <b>H. Zhang<\/b>, Y. Song, &#8220;Optimal Power Dispatch for District Cooling System Considering Cooling Water Transport Delay,&#8221; IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power &amp; Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), Nanjing, China, 2020, pp. 1-5. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/APPEEC48164.2020.9220450\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1109\/APPEEC48164.2020.9220450<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Z. Zhou, S. Moura,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, X. Zhang, Q. Guo, H. Sun, &#8220;A Game-Theoretic Approach to Analyzing Equilibria in Coupled Power and Transportation Networks,&#8221; IEEE PES General Meeting 2019, Atlanta, GA, 2019, pp. 1-5. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8974036\">10.1109\/PESGM40551.2019.8974036<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, S. J. Moura, Z. Hu, W. Qi, and Y. Song, &#8220;Joint PEV Charging Station and Distributed PV Generation Planning,&#8221; IEEE PES\u00a0<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.27px\">General<\/span>\u00a0Meeting 2017, Chicago, IL, 2017, pp. 1-5. DOI:<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8274111\">10.1109\/PESGM.2017.8274111<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, W. Qi, Z. Hu, and Y. Song, &#8220;Planning Hydrogen Refueling Stations with Coordinated On-Site Electrolytic Production,&#8221; IEEE PES\u00a0<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.27px\">General<\/span>\u00a0Meeting 2017, Chicago, IL, 2017, pp. 1-5. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/8274203\">10.1109\/PESGM.2017.8274203<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\">S. Bae,\u00a0<b>H. Zhang<\/b>, D. Wang, C. Sheppard, and S. Saxena, &#8220;Optimal Bidding Strategy for V2G Regulation Services under Uncertainty,&#8221; IEEE PES\u00a0<span style=\"letter-spacing: -0.27px\">General<\/span>\u00a0Meeting 2017, Chicago, IL, 2017, pp. 1-5. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/8274706\">10.1109\/PESGM.2017.8274706<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, Z. Hu, S. J. Moura, Y. Song, &#8220;Coordination of V2G and Distributed Wind Power Using the Storage-like Aggregate PEV Model,&#8221; 2016 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), Minneapolis, MN, 2016, pp. 1-5. DOI:<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/7781246\">10.1109\/ISGT.2016.7781246<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>H. Zhang<\/b>, W. Tang, Z. Hu, Y. Song, Z. Xu, L. Wang, &#8220;A Method for Forecasting the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of PEV Charging Load,&#8221; 2014 IEEE PES General Meeting &#8211; Conference &amp; Exposition, National Harbor, MD, 2014, pp. 1-5. DOI:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/6939167\">10.1109\/PESGM.2014.6939167<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-86131be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"86131be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c6019f\" data-id=\"4c6019f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4de9b50 elementor-align-left elementor-tablet-align-center elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4de9b50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/skliotsc.um.edu.mo\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98ad153 elementor-align-left elementor-tablet-align-center elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"98ad153\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.um.edu.mo\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">University of Macau<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-697d2d7\" data-id=\"697d2d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aa515d elementor-tablet-align-center elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1aa515d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/ece\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d49805 elementor-tablet-align-center elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5d49805\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Faculty of Science and Technology<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-149f08a\" data-id=\"149f08a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-954ef7b elementor-tablet-align-center elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"954ef7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u00a9 Hongcai Zhang<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HOME BIOGRAPHY RESEARCH GROUP EVENT Research Interests Our research interests span the areas of electrical engineering, transportation engineering, operations research, and computer science. Our vision is to develop cutting-edge theories and technologies to help policymakers, practitioners, and energy prosumers build efficient, low-carbon, &amp; secure urban energy systems. Particularly, we are focusing on urban energy system &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/hczhang\/research\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Hongcai Zhang Research&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":122,"featured_media":0,"parent":228,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-285","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/122"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=285"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/285\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59936,"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/285\/revisions\/59936"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fst.um.edu.mo\/personal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}